Phytogeography Practical

Phytogeography is the study of distribution of plant species and elucidation of origin of flora. The word " phytogeography" was derived from two Greek words 'Phyto = Plant' and ' Geografia= Geography '. It is controlled by evolution, climate,  and geographical barriers.

Chorology, the mapping of plant boundary, is one of the important core principles of the study of plant distribution to decode the factors like evolution and environmental barriers which shape green footprint of our planet.

D.Chatterjee in 1962 divided India into nine phytogeographical regions,viz.:-
(1) Western Himalayas,(2) Eastern Himalayas,
(3) Indus Plain ,(4) Gangetic Plain ,(5) Assam, (6) Central India, (7) Deccan ,(8) Malabar ,and (9) Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Geographical location,Type of vegetation, average rainfall, altitude, and two major plants of each regions are listed below:-

Western Himalayas:
Kashmir, Northern Punjab,Kumaon ranges of Uttranchal
Subtropical to Temperat Coniferous forest
100 cm --150 cm
1500 mt-- 3000 mt
Cedrus deodara and Pinus roxburghii

Eastern Himalayas 
Sikkim, Bhutan, Northern Assam, Darjeeling and Arunachal Pradesh
Alpine ,Sub- Alpine Evergreen Forest
Over 250 cm
3000 mt -- 4500 mt
Rhododendron sp.and Magnolia campbellii

Indus Plain 
Punjab, Haryana,Delhi,Rajastan,North Gujarat 
Tropical Thorn Forest
Less than 75 cm
0 mt - 300 mt
Acacia nilotica and Prosopis cineraria

Gangetic Plain 
Uttarpradesh,Bihar, West Bengal, Chattisgarh, North Orissa 
Tropical Moist and Deciduous Forest 
75 cm -- 150 cm
0 mt -- 200 mt 
Butea monosperma and Dalbergia sissoo

Assam
Brahmaputra valley,  Khasi and Jayantia Hill , Naga Hill, Tripura,Manipur ,Barak Valley 
Tropical Evergreen Forest 
Over 250 cm
0 mt --1500 mt
Dipterocarpus macrocarpus and Ficus elastica

Central India 
Madhyapradesh,part of Maharashtra ( Vindhya range) part of Orissa and part of Gujarat 
Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest 
100 cm -- 150 cm
300 mt --1200 mt
Tectona grandis and Diospyros melanoxylon

Deccan
Andhrapradesh, Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Telangana 
Tropical Thorny Dry Deciduous Forest 
60 cm -- 100 cm
300 mt -- 900 mt
Santalum album and Azadiracta indica

Malabar
Western Cost of India- Gujarat to Cape Comorin
Tropical Wet Evergreen(Rain) Forest 
Over 250 cm
0 mt -- 1500 mt
Artocarpus heterophyllus and Myristica fragrans

Andaman and Nicobar 
Tropical Wet Evergreen and Mangrove Forest 
Over 300 cm
Sea level -- 700 mt
Pterocarpus dalbergioides and Rhizophora mangle 










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