Zoo-Geographic Realms#Zoology 3rd Sem#Unit ll

   Name different zoo-geographical realms, their constituent countries and areas.

  What is Wallace's line?       (5+1),TU,2016

   The world is divided into some  realms /regions , on the basis of presence and absence of many organisms . 

    Alfred Russel Wallace in 1876 edited P.L.Sclater's division of 1857 (on the basis of distribution of birds ) by  including terrestrial vertebrates and invertebrates .

     The six realms are:

(1) Palaearctic realm :

Geographical Area: 

Europe, Nothern part of Africa , Asian Himalaya and Nan ling range of China .

(2) Nearctic realm:

Geographical Area: 

 On north : Entire North America ,

On South : Upto Upper Mexico,

On East : Greenland and

On West : Aleutian islands

(3) Neotropical realm :

Geographical Area:

South  America , Central America , Lower Mexico and West Indies except Trinidad and Tobago.

(4) Ethiopean realm:

Geographical Area:

 African mainland, Southern part of Arabia, Ethiopia, Madagascar .

(5)Oriental realm:

Geographical Area:

India, Burma, Southern China, Thiland, Indonesia, Sri Lanka etc.

(6)Australian realm:

Geographical Area:

Australia, New Zealand , New Guinea, Tasmania ,etc.

Alfred Russel Wallace seperated six realms by dotted lines on the world map , these lines are termed as Wallace's line .

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Write a note on Palaearctic realm with it's sub-divisions and characteristic fauna.

Geographical Area: Europe, North part of Africa Asian Himalaya and Nan ling range.

 It is further divided into four sub-divisions 

(i)European sub-region: North Europe , Central Europe,  Alps Mountain ranges, Pireneas ,Black Sea ,East Kokesus , Iceland.

(ii)Mediterranean sub-region: Northern Sahara, Southern part of Mediterranean sea , South Kokesus, Afganistan and Baluchistan .

(iii) Siberian sub-region: Nothern Asia

(iv) Manchurian sub-region: Mongolia, Korea, Manchuria , Japan .

Climatic conditions 

Extreme cold (Siberia) & extreme hot (Sahara Desert)

Ecological condition:

Deciduois forest , coniferous forest , mixed forest , larege grass land & Tundra area , etc present .

Fauna: 

(1) Fish: Carp, Salmon ,pike etc.

(2) Amphibia : Salamander(European), Proteius, Hynobius,Alytes, Didocus ,  Bombinator , etc.

(3) Reptiles: Sand boa, Trigonophis, Aligator, etc.

(4) Birds: Wrens, Arctic tern, Finches, Geese, etc.

(5)Mammals: Total family 39 (Seluinidae  & Ailuropodie are endemic) . Porcupine, dog, wild ass, european bison, polar cat, deer, etc.