Taxonomy of Angiosperm # Lamiaceae
উদ্ভিদ: বিশেষ গন্ধযুক্ত একবর্ষজীবী গুল্ম ; কান্ড নিরেট, সবুজ,অমসৃণ, রোমশ, চতুষ্কোণ,শাখাযুক্ত ।
Plant: Annual, aromatic herb, stem solid, quadrangular, hairy, branched.
Leaves: Simple, sub-sessile, exstipulate, opposite decussate, hairy, acute, lenceolate, unicostate reticulate venation.
পুষ্পবিন্যাস: ভার্টিসিলেস্টার ।
Infloresence: Verticillaster.
Flower : Bract and bracteoles present, sessile, complete, hermaphrodite , irregular, zygomorphic, pentamerous, hypogynous.
Calyx: Sepals 5, gamosepalous, bell shaped, curved, irregular, persistent, 8-10 nerved, green, hairy, bilabiate, velvate.
Corolla: Petals 5 (2/3), gamopetalous unequal, bi-lipped, upper lip two- lobed, lower lip 3- lipped and median is large ; imbricate.
Androecium: Stamens 4 , didynamous (2+2), epipetalous, filaments unequal; another 2- celled, basifixed.
Gynoecium: Carpels 2, syncarpous, ovary superior, locule 2 but finally 4lobbed, axile placentation; style gynobasic, slender; stigma bifid.
ফল:প্রকৃত, সরল,শুষ্ক,বিদারী-----কারসিরিউল।
Fruit: Carcerule.
গোত্রের সনাক্তকরণ বৈশিষ্ট্য:
(১) উদ্ভিদ বিশেষ গন্ধযুক্ত ।
(২) পত্রবিন্যাস অভিমুখ তির্যকপন্ন।
(৩) পাতা অনুপপত্রী ।
(৪) পুষ্পবিন্যাস ভার্টিসিলেস্টার।
(৫) পুষ্প অসমাঙ্গ , জাইগোমরফিক ।
(৬) বৃতি ওষ্ঠধরাকৃতি , স্থায়ী , ভেলভেট ।
(৭) যুক্তদলী, ওষ্ঠধরাকৃতি , ইম্ব্রিকেট ।
(৮)স্টেমেন ডাইডাইনামাস ।
(৯) গর্ভদন্ড / স্টাইল গাইনোবেসিক ; গর্ভাশয় ২ প্রকোষ্ঠী তবে কৃত্রিম প্রাচীর তৈরী করে তখন ৪ প্রকোষ্ঠী হয় ; অমরাবিন্যাস অক্ষীয় ।
(১০) ফল--কারসিরিউল ।
এই বৈশিষ্ট্য গুলো আছে বলেই উদ্ভিদটি Lamiaceae Family এর অন্তর্ভুক্ত ।
Diagnostic Features of the family Lamiaceae:
(1) Plants aromatic, stem quadrangular.
(2) Leaves exstipulate.
(3) Infloresrnce verticillaster, rarely biparous cymes, spikes or solitary axillary.
(4) Flower zygomorphic, bisexual, hypogynous.
(5) Calyx connate, irregular, persistent .
(6) Corolla connate, two-lipped, imbricate.
(7) Stamen 4, epipetalous, didynamous.
(8) Ovary superior, bilocular but ultimately 4-partite, placentation axile; style gynobasic.
(9) Fruit schizocarpic carcerule.
General Characteristics of the family Lamiaceae:
Plant: Mostly aromatic annual or perennial herbs or shrubs ( Leonotis, Pogostemon ) , stem quadrangular covered with glandular hairs ( hispid).
Leaves: Simple, opposite or whorled, exstipulate.
Infloresence: Very commonly verticillaster , rarely biparous cymes, spikes or rarely solitary axillary (Scutelaria ) .
Flower: Pedicellate or sessile, bract and bracteoles present, bisexual rarely unisexual ( Nepeta, Thymus ) , hypogynous, zygomorphic rarely actinomorphic ( Mentha) .
Calyx: Sepals 5, gamosepalous, persistent, valvate or imbricate.
Corolla: The corolla have a tubular base with wide mouth. Petals 5, gamopetalous, two - lipped in 2/3 arrangement ( in Ocimum , Hyptis etc. 4/1 , in Teucrium 0/5, i.e., upper lip is not evident, imbricate.
Androecium : Stamens 4, didynamous (2+2) but in Calamintha 2 perfect, 2 imperfect and fitht reduced , in Salvia 2 are anterior ; connective long, another introrse and dithecpus.
Gynoecious: Carpels (2), syncarpous, ovary superior, nectar gland present below, bilocular but turned tetralocular, axile placentation ; style gynobasic ; stigma bifid.
Fruit: Usually schizocarpic carcerule.
Source: An Introduction to Systematic Botany and Ecology by J.N.Mitra , page 643Important Types:
1. Ocimum sanctum ( তুলসী)
Plant: A perennial aromatic herb , woody below, stem solid and quadrangular, branched, hispid.Leaves: Opposite decussate, simple, petiolate, exstipulate, elliptic- oblong, pubescent on both the surface.
Infloresence : In whorls, arranged in racemes.
Flowers: Bract and bracteoles present, pedicillate, complete, bisexual, zygomorphic, hypogynous, small.
Calyx: Sepals 5, gamosepalous, bilabiate (1/4), posterior lip broad , flat- obovate, deccurent ; anterior lip with small 4 sepals , with 4 teeth, two lateral teeth ovateand slightly awaned; two lower central teeth with long slender awans project beyond the upper lip and curved upwards; campanulate, persistent, imbricate .
Corolla: Petals 5, gamosepalous, bilabiate (4/1), upper lip subsequently 4 lobed , pubescent on the back ; lower entire declinate, equal or slightly longer than the upper, flat; imbricate.
Androecium: Stamens 4, didynamous (2+2) , epipetalous, filaments slender; anthers versatile , introrse.
Gynoecium: Carpels 2, syncarpous but 4-partite ovary superior, axile placentation, one ovule in each locule; style gynobasic ; stigma slender, bifid.
Fruit: Carcerule
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